谁没有过半夜被“纠结”的小腿肌肉“叫”醒的经历呢！第二天起来，小腿还是感觉不舒服。妈妈说，你得注意保暖；朋友说，你可能是缺钙。到底是什么原因让你的肌肉纠结？
腿抽筋，特别是小腿抽筋时，很容易摸到小腿的肌肉纠结得硬似石头，其实这只是你腿部的肌肉在痉挛（muscle cramp）。到底是什么原因引起了腿部肌肉痉挛呢？有人说，这是缺钙引起的，只要补补钙就会好；也有人说，这是腿受凉引起的，只要保暖就可避免抽筋。这些都有道理，不过，肌肉可比我们想得要娇气得多，除了缺钙和着凉，“工作环境不佳”、“饿肚子”、“疲劳”都可能让你的肌肉痉挛起来。
要弄明白为什么肌肉这么娇气，我们得知道肌肉是怎么运动的：身体在感受到外界各种信息后，通过感觉神经上报至大脑，大脑对信息进行综合分析后发出命令，再由运动神经通知肌肉，肌肉听话地收缩，我们就能做各种动作，进行各种体育运动。这其中任何一个环节出现问题，都可能导致肌肉异常收缩，发生痉挛和疼痛。
缺钙让肌肉不安分
说起腿抽筋，大家通常都会联想到缺钙。钙离子能够维持肌肉正常的兴奋程度，但又必须维持在适当范围，多了少了都不行，就像发动机里的齿轮，多了机器转得慢；少了又会失控，转得太快。血液中钙离子浓度超过2.75毫摩尔／升，则肌肉兴奋性下降，若是低于2.25毫摩尔/升，肌肉就会变得不安分起来，一点轻微的刺激就会发生痉挛。
不过，低血钙性抽筋常见于缺钙儿童、维生素D3缺乏者、食物摄入钙量过少，或是罹患严重肝脏、肾脏疾病以及长期应用利尿药的人群。如果你身体健康、好好吃饭不挑食，那让你腿部肌肉痉挛的恐怕另有原因。
此外，即使真的缺钙，单纯补钙也并不能解决所有问题。比如维生素D3缺乏者，单纯补钙并不能促进钙的吸收，还应补充鱼肝油、多晒太阳；长期应用利尿剂造成血钙流失过多，应该在医生指导下停用药物；肝肾疾病者，重在治疗原发疾病。所以说，都是低血钙引起的腿抽筋，也要明确低钙背后的真正原因再进行有针对的治疗，而不是一味补钙。
寒冷+疲劳,容易引发腿抽筋
不要认为“着凉”是没有科学依据的“老话”。人在寒冷时大脑会发出信号让全身骨骼肌阵发性收缩，以产生更多的热量维持体温（这也是为什么寒冷时我们会打寒战的原因）。当肌肉因为其他原因，比如代谢产物聚集、血管痉挛、缺钙等导致细胞兴奋性升高，若再加以寒冷刺激，就很容易发生痉挛。
而疲劳正是引起代谢废物聚集的常见原因。肌肉长时间工作不仅大量消耗肌肉内糖原的能量储备，还会产生大量肌酸、乳酸等代谢产物，就像长时间连轴转的工人一样，积蓄了很多不满，一旦有导火索，就通过抽筋的形式罢工了。
寒冷和疲劳容易引发腿抽筋，在游泳时体现得淋漓尽致。我们的身体在长时间游泳后，腿部肌肉疲劳，导致肌细胞内外代谢产物聚集，再加以冷水的刺激，大脑频繁发动肌肉收缩以产热，肌肉不堪重负，于是以痉挛来抗议。
所以，如果你白天疯狂地逛商场，晚上又很不巧地让小腿伸出了被子的覆盖范围，半夜时被痉挛的小腿肌肉叫醒也不那么意外了。
这时候不用紧张，我们可以试着用手扳住前脚掌并用力伸直抽筋的腿，从而拉长肌肉，抵抗痉挛的肌肉。同时，大脑为了保护肌肉，也会发出信号放松肌肉，从而缓解痉挛。
挑剔的肌肉爱抽筋
肌肉除了不能太过劳累，不能受凉，除了挑剔钙离子浓度以外，还有一个坏习惯，就是不能饿肚子，否则就会发脾气，抽筋。
葡萄糖为肌肉的运动提供能量。低血糖（血糖< 2.8毫摩尔/升）时，肌细胞细胞膜兴奋性增高，“饿肚子”的肌肉就不再老实工作，而要痉挛示威了。这时最简单快捷的缓解方法是吃块糖，为肌肉补充足够的能量。 另外，肌肉对于体内的水电解质环境也很挑剔。水、钠、钾、氯等等共同组成了体内的水电解质环境，这个环境的紊乱，也会导致肌肉的兴奋性异常，从而引起痉挛。腹泻、肺炎、大汗、发热、肿瘤等等都是比较常见的引发体内水电解质失衡的原因。比如，洗桑拿浴或者长跑后可能因为大量出汗而引发水电解质失衡，这时容易发生抽筋，补充适量的淡盐水后就可好转。
大脑瞎指挥，肌肉就抽筋
肌肉的异常活动还有可能是神经系统引起的，包括大脑的问题(比如脑炎、脑血管病、帕金森病、舞蹈症、抽动症等等)，以及运动神经的问题(如椎间盘突出症、坐骨神经痛、格林巴利综合征等等)。这些都有可能出现肌肉痉挛（不只是腿部肌肉痉挛）的症状，但同时还会伴有其他神经系统损害的表现，若考虑这方面的问题，还需要咨询专业的神经科医生。
腿抽筋的原因多种多样，不能以“缺钙”或“受凉”一以论之。特别值得一提的是，如果一味补钙，还可能造成血钙过高而形成泌尿系结石、心律失常。因此，当遇到反复发作的腿抽筋时，最好到医院进行详细检查，明确病因，再进行针对性的治疗。Related: beef burger recipe james martin, douglas county colorado sheriff candidates, cryptology bound and unbound, spark delivery driver login, empanadas distributors, truth nightclub and lounge augusta ga, lisa kleypas next book 2022, 2019 oregon pinot vintage, thomas j henry receptionist job, patton space heater troubleshooting, mesa woman, serta icomfort chair i5000 manual, section 8 houses for rent in harvey, la, hotel with smoking room, shea grisham wedding,Related: chicken broccoli casserole, barbara friedman atchison, crown and anchor diamond benefits, jayson tatum grandparents, la liga strikers over 35 years old, buffalo news shooting victims, what happened to holsum bread, baby opossum age chart pictures, stephen f austin football roster, michael chang, md psychiatrist, tiel ridge, louisiana, can you sell pre market on ex dividend date, derek dougan cause of death, 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